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專(zhuān)家精解歷年四級真題(一)

日期:2009/8/28 14:19:15 來(lái)源:本站原創(chuàng ) 訪(fǎng)問(wèn)量:

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.

Psychiatrists (精神病專(zhuān)家) who work with older parents say that maturity can be an asset in child rearing-older parents are more thoughtful, use less physical discipline and spend more time with their children. But raising kids takes money and energy. Many older parents find themselves balancing their limited financial resources, declining energy and failing health against the growing demands of an active child. Dying and leaving young children is probably the older parents’ biggest, and often unspoken, fear. Having late-life children, says an economics professor, often means parents, particularly fathers, “end up retiring much later.” For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream.

Henry Metcalf, a 54-year-old journalist, knows it takes money to raise kids. But he’s also worried that his energy will give out first. Sure, he can still ride bikes with his athletic fifth grader, but he’s learned that young at heart doesn’t mean young. Lately he’s been taking afternoon naps (午睡) to keep up his energy. “My body is aging,” says Metcalf. “You can’t get away from that.”

Often, older parents hear the ticking of another kind of biological clock. Therapists who work with middle-aged and older parents say fears about aging are nothing to laugh at. “They worry they’ll be mistaken for grandparents, or that they’ll need help getting up out of those little chairs in nursery school,” says Joann Galst, a New York psychologist. But at the core of those little fears there is often a much bigger one: “that they won’t be alive long enough to support and protect their child,” she says.

Many late-life parents, though, say their children came at just the right time. After marrying late and undergoing years of fertility (受孕) treatment, Marilyn Nolen and her husband. Randy, had twins. “We both wanted children,” says Marilyn, who was 55 when she gave birth. The twins have given the couple what they desired for years, “a sense of family.” Kids of older dads are often smarter, happier and more sociable because their fathers are more involved in their lives. “The dads are older, more mature,” says Dr. Silber, “and more ready to focus on parenting.”

36.   Why do psychiatrists regard maturity as an asset in child rearing?

A) Older parents are often better prepared financially.

B) Older parents can take better care of their children.

C) Older parents are usually more experienced in bringing up their children.

D) Older parents can better balance their resources against children’s demands.C

37.   What does the author mean by saying “For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream” (Lines 7-8, Para. 1)?

A) They are reluctant to retire when they reach their retirement age.

B) They can’t obtain the retirement benefits they have dreamed of.

C) They can’t get full pension unless they work some extra years.

D) They have to go on working beyond their retirement age.D

38.   The author gives the example of Henry Metcalf to show that ________.

A) older parents should exercise more to keep up with their athletic children

B) many people are young in spirit despite their advanced age

C) older parents tend to be concerned about their aging bodies

D) taking afternoon naps is a good way to maintain energyC

39.   What’s the biggest fear of older parents according to New York psychologist Joan Galst?

A) Approaching of death.

B) Slowing down of their pace of life.

C) Being laughed at by other people.

D) Being mistaken for grandparents.A

40.   What do we learn about Marilyn and Randy Nolen?

A) They thought they were an example of successful fertility treatment.

B) Not until they reached middle age did they think of having children.

C) Not until they had the twins did they feel they had formed a family.

D) They believed that children born of older parents would be smarter

這篇文章討論的中心是晚育,既有晚育所帶來(lái)的難題,也有晚育的有利之處。全文一共四段,第一段以晚育的好處開(kāi)篇(maturity can be an asset),但but之后話(huà)鋒馬上一轉,開(kāi)始討論晚育所帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題:raisingkids takes money and energy,養育孩子需要耗費金錢(qián)和精力,而年長(cháng)的父母們則面臨著(zhù)經(jīng)濟狀況有限(limitedfinancial resources)和精力下降、健康堪憂(yōu)(declining energy and failing health)以及死亡等問(wèn)題。第一段的其余部分進(jìn)一步論述了經(jīng)濟狀況有限這一情況,其結論是“退休變成了無(wú)法實(shí)現的夢(mèng)想”(retirement becomes an unobtainable dream)。

第二段繼續論述精力下降這一問(wèn)題。文章以Metcalf為例,說(shuō)明撫養孩子會(huì )耗費年長(cháng)父母相當大的精力。第三段說(shuō)的是年齡過(guò)大、以至過(guò)早衰亡的問(wèn)題。文章舉出了年長(cháng)父母們的三個(gè)擔心,擔心被人誤認為是孩子的祖父母(be mistaken for grandparents),擔心腿腳不靈便不能從幼兒園的椅子上坐起來(lái)(need help getting up out of those littlechairs in nursery school),擔心過(guò)早死去使得孩子無(wú)人照看(they won’tbe alive long enough to support and protect their child)。

論述了以上這些難題之后,文章最后一段也指出年長(cháng)父母的有利之處,即Kids of older dads are often smarter, happierand more sociable,年長(cháng)父親所生的孩子往往更為聰明、快樂(lè ),交際能力更強。而后文章解釋了原因。

36. B

題目問(wèn)為什么精神病學(xué)家把成熟視為養育孩子的一種財富。這里的maturity實(shí)際上就是指的中年人的成熟。

文章第一段第一句話(huà)指出了年紀更長(cháng)的父母在撫養孩子時(shí)的優(yōu)勢所在,在but之后文章就開(kāi)始論述年長(cháng)父母的劣勢所在,一直到最后一段,文章才又重新討論了年長(cháng)的優(yōu)勢。因為這是本篇的第一道題,所以答案應該在第一段的第一句中尋找,另外可把最后一段的內容作為參考。

maturity can be an asset in child rearing,這是題干所述的內容。隨后文章用一個(gè)破折號對這個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了解釋?zhuān)?/FONT>older parents are more thoughtful, use lessphysical discipline and spend more time with their children。原因是三條,第一,年長(cháng)父母想得更為周全;第二,對孩子的體罰更少;第三,與孩子在一起的時(shí)間更多。這三點(diǎn)說(shuō)明了什么呢?只能是說(shuō)明了年長(cháng)的父母因為年齡較大,更為成熟,在照顧孩子時(shí)有其特有的優(yōu)勢,因而能夠更好的照顧孩子。

A,年紀更長(cháng)的父母往往在經(jīng)濟上有更為充裕的準備。Manyolder parents find themselves balancing their limited financial resources,declining energy and failing health against the growing demands of an activechild,從這句話(huà)可以看出,年長(cháng)的父母們的經(jīng)濟資源是limited,“有限的”,當然不是更為充裕的了。

B,年紀更長(cháng)的父母能夠更好的照顧孩子。與前面分析一致。

C,年紀更長(cháng)的父母通常在撫養孩子上更有經(jīng)驗。這是一個(gè)迷惑選項,許多人可能會(huì )選擇這個(gè)題支作為答案,原因是把前文所述的三點(diǎn)優(yōu)勢理解成了更有經(jīng)驗。實(shí)際上這三點(diǎn)優(yōu)勢是年齡增長(cháng)之后自然獲得的,是歲月累積下來(lái)的必然結果,在處理別的問(wèn)題時(shí)他們同樣會(huì )有這種成熟的優(yōu)勢。本文討論的是年長(cháng)以后才第一次生育孩子的父母,而不是年輕時(shí)已經(jīng)養育過(guò)孩子、在年長(cháng)后又生育了孩子的父母,既然如此,試問(wèn)這些年長(cháng)的父母們養育孩子的經(jīng)驗從何而來(lái)呢?

D,年紀更長(cháng)的父母能夠更好地平衡他們的資源與孩子的需要之間的關(guān)系。Manyolder parents find themselves balancing their limited financial resources,declining energy and failing health against the growing demands of an activechild,這里的against的一詞意在把經(jīng)濟資源和孩子的需求對立,暗含經(jīng)濟資源緊張的意思,所以這個(gè)選項的說(shuō)法不正確。

37. D

題目問(wèn)作者所說(shuō)For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream是要表達什么意思。

這是第一段的最后一句話(huà),在此之前文章討論的問(wèn)題是年長(cháng)父母們在撫養孩子時(shí)經(jīng)濟資源有限的問(wèn)題。如Having late-life children, says an economicsprofessor, often means parents, particularly fathers, “end up retiring muchlater.”,意思就是晚育往往意味著(zhù)父母特別是父親們大大延遲退休時(shí)間。這里透露出二點(diǎn)信息,一是可以退休而不退休,二是退休是被迫的。

A,他們在到了退休年齡時(shí)卻不情愿退休。不情愿,說(shuō)的是一種主觀(guān)想法,而從文章反映出來(lái)的意思是父母們被迫延遲退休,是客觀(guān)因素造成的,所以A的說(shuō)法不對。

B,他們無(wú)法得到夢(mèng)想的退休福利。這里沒(méi)有討論福利問(wèn)題。

C,他們無(wú)法獲得完全的退休金,除非在額外工作幾年。文中顯然沒(méi)有提到退休金問(wèn)題。

D,他們不得不在退休年齡到了之后繼續工作。這一說(shuō)法符合題意。

38. C

題目問(wèn)作者給出Henry Metcalf的例子是要說(shuō)明什么。

A,年長(cháng)父母應當進(jìn)行更多的鍛煉,以跟上運動(dòng)能力很強的孩子們的水平。

B,許多人的年齡不小,心智卻很年輕。

C,年長(cháng)父母總是為自己不斷衰老的身體憂(yōu)慮。

D,午睡是保持精力的很好方式。

回顧這篇文章,可以發(fā)現這個(gè)名字出現在第二段。第二段開(kāi)頭就引出Henry Metcalf的名字,并說(shuō)他知道養育孩子花費不菲,不過(guò)這句話(huà)只是起到了承接上文對經(jīng)濟問(wèn)題的論述的作用,but后面才是本段所要表述的內容。之后的這幾句話(huà)的意思是:他也擔心自己的精力會(huì )首先耗光了。不錯,他騎自行車(chē)還依然能趕得上自己上五年級的愛(ài)運動(dòng)的孩子,不過(guò)他明白,心理年輕不代表年輕。為了保持精力,他最近已經(jīng)開(kāi)始午睡了!拔业纳眢w在衰老!彼f(shuō),“這你是逃不掉的!

從這段意思可以知道,作者要表達的核心意思是年長(cháng)父母們的精力下降很快,在撫養孩子時(shí)可能會(huì )力不從心。至于年長(cháng)父母們是否應該鍛煉身體以幫助孩子進(jìn)步,則顯然不是作者關(guān)心的問(wèn)題,這樣A不對。而young at heart doesn’tmean young這句話(huà)在文中暗含的意思與B的說(shuō)法正好相反,應該是雖然心智還很年輕,但畢竟年齡不饒人。最后的午睡的例子也只是為了說(shuō)明作者的精力下降很多,不得不通過(guò)午睡來(lái)保持精力。只有C是正確地揭示了第三段所舉例子的含義。

39. A

題目問(wèn)根據紐約心理學(xué)家Joan Galst的說(shuō)法,年長(cháng)父母們最大的恐懼是什么。

A,死亡的臨近。

B,生活節奏的放慢。

C,被其他人嘲笑。

D,被誤認為是孩子的祖父母。

全篇文章提到fear一共三次,第一次:Dying andleaving young children is probably the older parents’ biggest, and oftenunspoken, fear,死亡、身后留下年青的孩子很可能是年長(cháng)父母們最大的恐懼。

第二次:fears about aging are nothing to laugh at.,對衰老的恐懼沒(méi)有什么可以笑話(huà)的。

第三次:at the core of those little fears there is often a muchbigger one: “that they won’t be alive long enough to support and protect theirchild,在那些小恐懼的中心,存在一個(gè)更大的恐懼:他們活得不夠長(cháng),無(wú)法資助和保護他們的孩子。

從文中這些對恐懼的論述可以看出,最大的恐懼莫過(guò)于死亡。B所說(shuō)的生活步伐放慢問(wèn)題,在文中沒(méi)有提到。C所說(shuō)的“被人嘲笑”在文中已經(jīng)被認為是nothing——微不足道的了。至于D,文中有直接論述:They worry they’ll be mistaken for grandparents,由此可見(jiàn)它確實(shí)是恐懼之一,不過(guò)只能算是little fears中的一個(gè),不是最大的恐懼。

40. C

題目問(wèn)關(guān)于MarilynRandy我們知道什么。

根據前文的分析,作者在最后一段描述MarilynRandy的例子,目的是為了說(shuō)明年長(cháng)父母也有有利之處。這段描述透露的信息有:一,他們結婚很晚,接受過(guò)受孕治療;二,這對夫婦想往了多年的東西是家庭的感覺(jué)(a sense of family),這個(gè)感覺(jué)是雙胞胎帶來(lái)的(The twins have given the couple……);三,醫生認為年長(cháng)的父親所生的孩子往往會(huì )更聰明、快樂(lè ),交際能力強。

A,他們認為自己的受孕治療的成功例證。從文中敘述判斷,他們所生的雙胞胎很可能就是受孕治療的結果,但在第四段中沒(méi)有提及這對夫妻任何相關(guān)的想法,所以不能下此結論。

B,他們到了中年以后才想到了要孩子的問(wèn)題。文中只提到他們結婚很晚,至于什么時(shí)候想到要孩子的問(wèn)題,在文中找不到相應的內容,無(wú)從得知。

C,他們有雙胞胎以后才覺(jué)得是組成了一個(gè)家庭。這一說(shuō)法符合文中透露的第二點(diǎn)信息。

D,他們認為年長(cháng)父母所生的孩子會(huì )更為聰明。從第三點(diǎn)信息可知,持此觀(guān)點(diǎn)的是醫生,而不是他們。

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